Written by Peter Pearsall/Photos of sharp-shinned (left) and Cooper’s hawks by Dan Streiffert

Cooper’s hawks (Accipiter cooperii) and sharp-shinned hawks (Accipiter striatus) are two closely related raptors that often cause confusion due to their similar appearances and behaviors. Both belong to the Accipiter genus, known for their agile flight, long tails, and short, rounded wings—features that make them adept at hunting birds in forested habitats. Despite their similarities, there are key differences in size, structure, and behavior that help distinguish them. 

Identification & Physical Differences 

Size & Shape 

• Cooper’s hawk is larger, about the size of a crow, with a body length of 14–20 inches and a wingspan of 24–37 inches. It has a more robust body, a larger head that projects forward in flight, and a slightly rounded tail tip. 

• Sharp-shinned hawk is smaller, closer to the size of a scrub jay, with a body length of 9–13 inches and a wingspan of 16–26 inches. It has a more delicate build, a smaller head, and a squared-off tail tip. 

Plumage 

Both species share similar coloration: blue-gray backs, rufous barring on the chest, and dark caps. However: 

• Cooper’s hawks tend to have more defined contrast between their dark cap and paler nape, creating a more square-headed look. 

• Sharp-shinned hawks have a more gradual blend between their head and back colors, making their head appear smaller and more rounded. 

Flight Patterns 

Both hawks display a flap-flap-glide flight pattern, but Cooper’s hawks have a smoother, more powerful flight with deeper wingbeats. Sharp-shinned hawks have a quicker, more erratic flight style with snappier wingbeats. 

Behavior & Habitat 

Hunting & Diet 

Both hawks specialize in hunting birds and small mammals, often ambushing prey with surprise attacks. However: 

• Cooper’s hawks tend to target larger birds like doves, pigeons, and starlings, often pursuing evasive prey in quick, agile flight. 

• Sharp-shinned hawks prefer smaller birds such as sparrows and warblers, using short bursts of speed to capture prey even in dense foliage. 

Nesting 

• Cooper’s hawks build nests in trees in a variety of habitats, from mixed forests and riparian corridors to suburban settings. 

• Sharp-shinned hawks prefer denser forests and tend to nest further from developed areas. 

Both species have adapted to urban and suburban environments and are frequently seen at backyard bird feeders, where they hunt songbirds. Whether you see one darting through the woods or perching near a feeder, taking note of their size and shape can help you determine which of these agile hunters you’re watching. 

How to Tell Them Apart in the Field 

1. Size: If the hawk seems as large as a crow, it’s likely a Cooper’s. If it’s closer to a scrub Jay in size, it’s probably a Sharp-shinned. 

1. Head & Tail: Cooper’s has a proportionally larger head and a rounded tail tip, while sharp-shinned has a small head and squared-off tail. 

1. Flight Style: Cooper’s flies with stiff, choppy strokes, while sharp-shinned has quick, snappy wingbeats.