Written by Peter Pearsall/Photo by Dan Streiffert

The great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) is one of the largest and most widespread owls in the Americas. Known for its distinctive ear tufts, piercing yellow eyes, and deep hoots in a stuttering rhythm (hoo-h’HOO-hoo-hoo), this nocturnal predator is an apex hunter in many ecosystems. 

The great horned owl is a large bird, with a wingspan ranging from 3.3 to 4.8 feet and weighing between 2 and 5.5 pounds. Its plumage varies by region but typically features mottled brown, gray, and white patterns, providing excellent camouflage in wooded environments. Its “horns” are actually feather tufts that may help with communication and camouflage. 

This adaptable species is found across North and South America, thriving in a variety of environments, from dense forests and swamps to urban areas and deserts. Unlike some owl species that require specific habitats, the great horned owl’s adaptability has contributed to its widespread distribution. 

This owl is a powerful hunter, capable of taking down prey larger than itself. Its diet includes mammals such as rabbits, skunks, and rodents, as well as birds, reptiles, and even other owls. It has exceptional night vision, and its sharp talons and strong grip help it subdue its prey.

The familiar hoots of great horned owls serve as territorial warnings and communication between mates. They typically mate for life and use abandoned nests of other large birds to raise their young. The female lays 1 to 4 eggs, which hatch after about a month. Both parents play a role in feeding and protecting the owlets until they fledge.