The golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) is one of the largest and most powerful birds of prey in the Northern Hemisphere. With eyesight four to eight times better than that of humans, powerful talons, and the ability to reach up to 320 km/h (200 mph) during high-speed dives, this raptor is a top predator in many ecosystems.
Dark brown with golden feathers on the head and nape, golden eagles have a wingspan of 6-7 feet and can weigh 6.5 to 14 pounds. They can take down prey as large as deer fawns and domestic livestock but generally hunt medium-sized mammals such as rabbits, hares, ground squirrels, and marmots.
Golden eagles are found across the Northern Hemisphere, including North America, Europe, Asia, and parts of North Africa. They inhabit open and semi-open landscapes such as mountains, grasslands, tundra, and deserts, preferring areas with minimal human disturbance.
These eagles maintain large territories, often spanning 50–200 km² (19–77 mi²). They form monogamous pairs that often mate for life. The Harney Basin is a year-round home to some 20 pairs of golden eagles.
In the Basin, nesting typically begins in February. Large nests or “aeries” are built on cliffs or tall trees and are reused for years. Clutches typically contain 1–4 eggs, incubated for about 41–45 days. Young eagles fledge at 10–12 weeks but may remain dependent on parents for several months.
The global population of golden eagles is considered stable. However, these majestic raptors continue to be threatened by habitat loss, poisoning from lead ammunition, electrocution on power lines, and illegal hunting.